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A variable speed drive controls the speed of a motor by adjusting the amount of energy sent to a motor according to real time or scheduled usage. This control is often used in HVAC systems to modulate fans according to demand by occupants, rather than running equipment at a constant rate for long periods of time.
Variable speed drives save energy by allowing HVAC systems to operate as needed, not just at full capacity or off. By cycling off and on according to demand, less energy is used and less maintenance is required. Because less energy is used, there can be cost-savings as well.